2.       How to handle the exceptions using recovery scenario manager in QTP? - There are 4 trigger events during which a recovery scenario should be activated. A pop up window appears in an opened application during the test run: A property of an object changes its state or value, A step in the test does not run successfully, An open application fails during the test run, These triggers are considered as exceptions.You can instruct QTP to recover unexpected events or errors that occurred in your testing environment during test run. Recovery scenario manager provides a wizard that guides you through the defining recovery scenario. Recovery scenario has three steps: 1. Triggered Events 2. Recovery steps 3. Post Recovery Test-Run

3.       What is the use of Text output value in QTP? - Output values enable to view the values that the application talks during run time. When parameterized, the values change for each iteration. Thus by creating output values, we can capture the values that the application takes for each run and output them to the data table.

4.       How to use the Object spy in QTP 8.0 version? - There are two ways to Spy the objects in QTP: 1) Thru file toolbar, In the File Toolbar click on the last toolbar button (an icon showing a person with hat). 2) True Object repository Dialog, In Object repository dialog click on the button object spy. In the Object spy Dialog click on the button showing hand symbol. The pointer now changes in to a hand symbol and we have to point out the object to spy the state of the object if at all the object is not visible. or window is minimized then, hold the Ctrl button and activate the required window to and release the Ctrl button.

5.       How Does Run time data (Parameterization) is handled in QTP? - You can then enter test data into the Data Table, an integrated spreadsheet with the full functionality of Excel, to manipulate data sets and create multiple test iterations, without programming, to expand test case coverage. Data can be typed in or imported from databases, spreadsheets, or text files.

6.       What is keyword view and Expert view in QTP? - Quick Test’s Keyword Driven approach, test automation experts have full access to the underlying test and object properties, via an integrated scripting and debugging environment that is round-trip synchronized with the Keyword View. Advanced testers can view and edit their tests in the Expert View, which reveals the underlying industry-standard VBScript that Quick Test Professional automatically generates. Any changes made in the Expert View are automatically synchronized with the Keyword View.

7.       Explain about the Test Fusion Report of QTP? - Once a tester has run a test, a Test Fusion report displays all aspects of the test run: a high-level results overview, an expandable Tree View of the test specifying exactly where application failures occurred, the test data used, application screen shots for every step that highlight any discrepancies, and detailed explanations of each checkpoint pass and failure. By combining Test Fusion reports with Quick Test Professional, you can share reports across an entire QA and development team.

8.       Which environments does QTP support? - Quick Test Professional supports functional testing of all enterprise environments, including Windows, Web,..NET, Java/J2EE, SAP, Siebel, Oracle, PeopleSoft, Visual Basic, ActiveX, mainframe terminal emulators, and Web services.

9.       What is QTP? - Quick Test is a graphical interface record-playback automation tool. It is able to work with any web, java or windows client application. Quick Test enables you to test standard web objects and ActiveX controls. In addition to these environments, Quick Test Professional also enables you to test Java applets and applications and multimedia objects on Applications as well as standard Windows applications, Visual Basic 6 applications and.NET framework applications

10.       Explain QTP Testing process? - Quick Test testing process consists of 6 main phases:

11.     Create your test plan - Prior to automating there should be a detailed description of the test including the exact steps to follow, data to be input, and all items to be verified by the test. The verification information should include both data validations and existence or state verifications of objects in the application.

12.     Recording a session on your application - As you navigate through your application, Quick Test graphically displays each step you perform in the form of a collapsible icon-based test tree. A step is any user action that causes or makes a change in your site, such as clicking a link or image, or entering data in a form

13. Enhancing your test – Inserting checkpoints into your test lets you search for a specific value of a page, object or text string, which helps you identify whether or not your application is functioning correctly. NOTE: Checkpoints can be added to a test as you record it or after the fact via the Active Screen. It is much easier and faster to add the checkpoints during the recording process. Broadening the scope of your test by replacing fixed values with parameters lets you check how your application performs the same operations with multiple sets of data. Adding logic and conditional statements to your test enables you to add sophisticated checks to your test.

14. Debugging your test – If changes were made to the script, you need to debug it to check that it operates smoothly and without interruption.

15. Running your test on a new version of your application – You run a test to check the behavior of your application. While running, Quick Test connects to your application and performs each step in your test.

• What’s the difference between include and require? – It’s how they handle failures. If the file is not found by require(), it will cause a fatal error and halt the execution of the script. If the file is not found by include(), a warning will be issued, but execution will continue.
• I am trying to assign a variable the value of 0123, but it keeps coming up with a different number, what’s the problem? – PHP Interpreter treats numbers beginning with 0 as octal.
• Would I use print “$a dollars” or “{$a} dollars” to print out the amount of dollars in this example? – In this example it wouldn’t matter, since the variable is all by itself, but if you were to print something like “{$a},000,000 mln dollars”, then you definitely need to use the braces.
• How do you define a constant? – Via define() directive, like define (“MYCONSTANT”, 100);
• How do you pass a variable by value? – Just like in C++, put an ampersand in front of it, like $a = &$b
• Will comparison of string “10″ and integer 11 work in PHP? - Yes, internally PHP will cast everything to the integer type, so numbers 10 and 11 will be compared.
• When are you supposed to use endif to end the conditional statement? – When the original if was followed by : and then the code block without braces.
• Explain the ternary conditional operator in PHP? – Expression preceding the ? is evaluated, if it’s true, then the expression preceding the : is executed, otherwise, the expression following : is executed.
• How do I find out the number of parameters passed into function? – func_num_args() function returns the number of parameters passed in.
• If the variable $a is equal to 5 and variable $b is equal to character a, what’s the value of $$b? – 100, it’s a reference to existing variable.
• What’s the difference between accessing a class method via -> and via ::? – :: is allowed to access methods that can perform static operations, i.e. those, which do not require object initialization.
• Are objects passed by value or by reference? – Everything is passed by value.
• How do you call a constructor for a parent class? – parent::constructor($value)
• What’s the special meaning of __sleep and __wakeup? – __sleep returns the array of all the variables than need to be saved, while __wakeup retrieves them.
• Why doesn’t the following code print the newline properly?
  Because inside the single quotes the n character is not interpreted as newline, just as a sequence of two characters – and n.
• Would you initialize your strings with single quotes or double quotes? – Since the data inside the single-quoted string is not parsed for variable substitution, it’s always a better idea speed-wise to initialize a string with single quotes, unless you specifically need variable substitution.
• How come the code works, but doesn’t for two-dimensional array of mine? – Any time you have an array with more than one dimension, complex parsing syntax is required. print “Contents: {$arr[1][2]}” would’ve worked.
• What is the difference between characters �23 and x23? – The first one is octal 23, the second is hex 23.
• With a heredoc syntax, do I get variable substitution inside the heredoc contents? – Yes.
• I want to combine two variables together:

   $var1 = 'Welcome to ';
  $var2 = 'TechInterviews.com';

• What will work faster? Code sample 1:

  $var 3 = $var1.$var2;

  Or code sample 2:
  

  $var3 = "$var1$var2";

  Both examples would provide the same result – $var3 equal to “Welcome to TechInterviews.com”. However, Code Sample 1 will work significantly faster. Try it out with large sets of data (or via concatenating small sets a million times or so), and you will see that concatenation works significantly faster than variable substitution.

• For printing out strings, there are echo, print and printf. Explain the differences. – echo is the most primitive of them, and just outputs the contents following the construct to the screen. print is also a construct (so parentheses are optional when calling it), but it returns TRUE on successful output and FALSE if it was unable to print out the string. However, you can pass multiple parameters to echo, like:
  and it will output the string “Welcome to TechInterviews!” print does not take multiple parameters. It is also generally argued that echo is faster, but usually the speed advantage is negligible, and might not be there for future versions of PHP. printf is a function, not a construct, and allows such advantages as formatted output, but it’s the slowest way to print out data out of echo, print and printf.
• I am writing an application in PHP that outputs a printable version of driving directions. It contains some long sentences, and I am a neat freak, and would like to make sure that no line exceeds 50 characters. How do I accomplish that with PHP? – On large strings that need to be formatted according to some length specifications, use wordwrap() or chunk_split().
• What’s the output of the ucwords function in this example?

  $formatted = ucwords("TECHINTERVIEWS IS COLLECTION OF INTERVIEW QUESTIONS");
  print $formatted;

  What will be printed is TECHINTERVIEWS IS COLLECTION OF INTERVIEW QUESTIONS.
  ucwords() makes every first letter of every word capital, but it does not lower-case anything else. To avoid this, and get a properly formatted string, it’s worth using strtolower() first.

• What’s the difference between htmlentities() and htmlspecialchars()? – htmlspecialchars only takes care of <, >, single quote ‘, double quote ” and ampersand. htmlentities translates all occurrences of character sequences that have different meaning in HTML.

The only way one can effectively test is by ensuring Sufficient Test Coverage and Testing Effort Automated or otherwise.

The challenge could be lack of documentation, but the advantage could be close communication between team members thereby resulting in greater clarity of thought and understanding of the system.

Each Time Code is changed Regression Testing is done. Test Coverage is ensured by having Automated Scripts and the right mix/combination of People executing the Test Cases.

Exploratory Testing may also be encouraged. Exploratory Tests are not pre-designed or pre-defined. The Tests are designed and executed immediately. Similarly ad hoc testing may also be encouraged. Ad-hoc testing is done based on the tester’s experience and skills.

While automated Test Cases will ensure that the Test Cases scripted are executed as defined, the team may not have enough time to design and script all the test cases.

The Testing Strategy and Approach in Agile Development could be very different from traditional normal methods. In fact it could vary with project needs and the project team.

In many scenarios, it may make sense to not have a separate testing team.

The above statement should be understood carefully. By not having a testing team we do not consider testing to be any less important. In fact testing can done more effectively in short turnaround times, by people who know the system and its objectives very well.

For example in certain teams Business Analysts could be doing a few rounds of testing each time the software version is released. Business Analysts understand the Business Requirements of the Software and test it to verify if it meets the requirements.

Developers may test the software. They tend to understand the system better and can verify the test results in a better way. Testing for Agile Software Development requires innovative thinking and the right mix of people should be chosen for doing the testing.

1.    How do drivers and stubs relate to manual testing?

Drivers and stubs are a part of incremental testing. The two approaches used in incremental testing are the top down and the bottom up methods.   Drivers are used for the bottom up approach. They are modules that run the components that are being tested.  A stub is used for the top down approach and is a replacement of sorts for a component, which is used to test (and even develop) a component that it calls.

2.    What is the Waterfall Model?

The Waterfall model is one of the first models to be used for software testing. In this approach, the software development process is divided into separate phases.  These phases typically include requirements specification, software design, Integration and test, and maintenance.  Each phase cascades to the next.  That is, one phase doesn’t begin until the main goals of the previous phase is completed or signed-off.

3.    What is the V model?

The V model of the software development life cycle integrates testing into each phase of the model. The phases of this includes user requirements specification, system requirements specification, global design, detailed design, implementation, and testing of the system as a whole. In this model the phases are performed in parallel with development activities. There are four test levels in this model: component, integration, system and acceptance.

4.    Explain regression testing.

Regression testing checks either a specific component of the application or the full application after revisions have been made. The purpose of regression testing is to guarantee that new defects have not been introduced in the application.  It is especially important to make sure that bugs have not been introduced into areas where no changes were made.

5.    What is stress testing?

Stress testing checks how robust the application is and involves verifying that that application consistently provides satisfying performance under unfavorable and extreme conditions.  This included, heavy user traffic, heavy process loads, irregular hardware clocking, and heavy utilization of resources.  It is also used to verify effectiveness of error handling under extreme conditions.

6.    What is sanity testing?

Sanity testing is a basic test that is used to ensure that there are not multiple or conflicting functions or variables.   Basically, it verifies that the components of the application can be compiled without a problem.  This is conduction on all parts of the application.

7.    What is ad hoc testing?

Ad hoc testing software testing that is performed without the use of planning and/or documentation. They are typically run only one time unless a defect is found.  In these cases, testing may be repeated. Ad hoc testing is considered to be a part of exploratory testing.

8.    What is smoke testing?

Smoke testing covers all of the basic functionality of the application.  It does not explore the finer details of the application and is considered to be the main test geared towards checking the functionality of the application.

9.    Explain boundary value analysis.

Boundary value analysis is a black box testing method in which tests are based on boundary values in the application. A boundary value is an input/output value that is on the border of an equivalence partition. Or more simply put, the maximum or minimum value allowed.

10. What is the difference between priority and severity in regards to defects found in software testing?

In software testing, the priority of a defect is the level of importance from a business standpoint. Severity, however, is determined by the level of impact the defect will have on the system.  This impact can involve the development or the operation of a component or the whole system.

11. Explain compatibility testing.

Compatibility testing is a non-functional test performed on a software system or component for the purpose of evaluating its compatibility the other parts of the computing environment. This includes the hardware, servers, operating system, web browsers, other software, etc.

12. Explain integration testing.

Integration testing is testing that is performed to verify the interfaces between system components, interactions between the application and the hardware, file system, and other software. A developer can perform it, but ideally a different integration tester team should perform it.

13. What is equivalence class partitioning?

Equivalence partitioning is a testing technique that is used to minimize the occurrences of combinations and permutations of input data used for testing. With this method, input possibilities are sorted into equivalence classes in which data that have the same or similar affects are placed into the same class.  It assumes that the utility of the program will not change for any value of data from the same class. The tester assumes that it is adequate to choose one test case from every segment to verify system or component behavior. This reduces the effort required for testing by minimizing the number of test cases to be tested.

14. Provide and example that explains difference between usability and functional defects?

And example of the difference between usability and functional defect will be that of a Login window. A usability defect would be when a user enters a valid user name, but invalid password, and the application gives an error message of “Please enter a valid user name” when it should have been “Please enter a valid password.” A functionality defect would be if in the same scenario, the application accepts the name and the password, though one is incorrect.

15. Explain pilot testing.

Pilot testing is verifying a component of the system or the entire system under real time operating conditions. Using a real time environment helps to locate bugs in the system at an earlier time since the later a bug is found, the more costly it can be. Pilot testing often involves allowing a group of users access the system and implementing their feedback before it is completed and deployed to the public.

For example, pipelines – whether they are based on land or underwater (sub-aqua) – can be subject to all kinds of attacks. Terrorists may choose to pinpoint them within their operations; likewise those in the illegal tapping or sabotage businesses. Although perhaps more of a threat in less-developed countries, all countries must protect themselves against the threat of terrorists hacking into pipelines. Particularly, given the heightened state of tension seen throughout the world in recent years.

Putting aside the obvious dangerous aspects of terrorism attacks, damage to pipelines can have a devastating impact upon a community, town or city. Damage to such lines can cause water shortages, drops in revenue for local businesses and even environmental hazards; depending on what substance runs through them. What’s more, it may not be noticeable straight away that an attack has taken place, let alone weeks before specialists can identify how the damage happened.

So, it’s important for those in charge of pipeline security to have strong procedures in place to deal with such attacks in all the ways. They must recognise the best practice methods for taking care of any damaged pipelines; whilst also keeping strong communication between them and the government, to ensure any expected attacks are mitigated.

So you see, pipeline security is truly very important to each and every country in the world. It could mean the difference between an economy thriving and doing badly, but it is very essential for today perspective. It is not protect your nation valuable thing but also save your life so that you can sleep well without any fear.

iPads are intelligent and soft devices. They are very light in weight and that is why; they are often sat over, stepped on and dropped which lead to these problems. iPads should be handled carefully and whenever you encounter any malfunctioning in your iPad, you should consider sending it to a reputed iPad repair centre with immediacy. The common problems of iPad are fixed can be solved easily. There is no need to buy a new iPad. When you will get your iPad back after repair, it will be no less than a completely new one but repairing cost are very high, the reason behind it is that it is newly technology so repairing cost is too high.

Our advice for all Ipaid user is that You should choose a reputed iPad repair centre in place of cheaper one. But how will you know which repair store is good and which is not? In general, good iPad repairs centers offer the iPad repair services mentioned below:

* Repair of damages caused by moisture;

* Battery replacement;

* Screen replacement;

* Wi-Fi repair;

* LCD repair;

* Wi-Fi back covers repairs;

* Power and volume button repair;

* Repair of headphone jack;

* Front and back camera repair; and

* Speaker repair.

Check that the repair centres you are choosing offer these iPad repair services. Best way to go with the contact numbers provided by companies during purchasing the devices.

However, if you don’t have a password-reset disk and you need to reset your Windows password, We are suggesting use the following Sticky Keys tricks.

Reset Your Windows Password Using the Command Prompt

1. Boot your computer using your Windows installation disc.

2. Wait for the setup files to load, and select your language. Click Next.

3. Click the Repair your computer link on the Install Windows screen.

4. Select the operating system to repair, and note the drive letter on which the OS is installed (it is probably C: or D:).

Click Next.

5. Click Command Prompt at the bottom of the list of recovery tools.

Now you need to overwrite the Sticky Keys executable with the Command Prompt executable. Sticky Keys is an accessibility feature that allows a user to tap the Shift, Ctrl, Alt, or Windows key once to achieve the same effect as holding the key down. Ordinarily, tapping Shift five times activates Sticky Keys but with this trick, you are going to make tapping Shift five times activate the Windows Command Prompt instead.

The instructions below use drive letter C: as an example. If your operating system is installed on another drive, replace C: with the appropriate drive letter.

1. In the Command Prompt window, type copy c:\windows\system32\sethc.exe c:\ and press Enter.

2. Type copy /y c:\windows\system32\cmd.exe c:\windows\system32\sethc.exe and press Enter.

3. Exit the Command Prompt and reboot the computer. At the login screen, tap Shift five times. The Command Prompt will pop up.

4. Type net user username password, replacing username with your username and password with a new password.

5. Exit the Command Prompt, and log in using your new password.

To prevent another user from exploiting the same trick to reset your password, you can restore Sticky Keys as follows:

1. Step through the instructions above to boot the PC using your Windows installation disc, open the recovery tools, and launch the Command Prompt.

2. Type copy /y c:\sethc.exe c:\windows\system32\sethc.exe and press Enter.

3. Exit the Command Prompt and reboot the computer. Pressing Shift five times will now activate Sticky Keys instead of the Command Prompt. Store your Windows installation disc in a secure location.

Caution: Resetting a password using the Sticky Keys trick means you will lose access to encrypted files, encrypted email messages, and stored passwords for Internet Explorer and network resources. Remember to back up your important data regularly. So please be cure during performing this process.

iTunes can, however, bookmark its own audiobook files. So if you convert your MP3s to Apple’s AAC format, then change the file extension so iTunes thinks they’re audiobooks, you are good to go.

The first part is easy. In iTunes, just right-click the MP3 and choose Create AAC Version. That will eventually produce an audio file with an m4a extension. But you need to change that to m4b, the extension iTunes recognizes as an audiobook.

You had no problem finding the file in Windows Explorer but the file extension was missing! Or, more accurately, hidden.

That’s the default setting in Windows nowadays, the idea being to keep you from monkeying with files and causing system problems.

This kind of monkeying, however, is harmless. You just needed to un-hide the extensions. Here’s how:

1. In Windows 7 (and, Vista), click Start, then type extension.

2. Click Show or hide file extensions.

3. In the Folder Options box that appears, clear the checkbox next to Hide extensions for known file types, then click OK.

That’s it! Now you should see extensions for most common files. And you changing that audio file’s extension was as easy as right-clicking it and choosing Rename.

If you want to hide the extensions again after you’re done, just repeat the process and re-check the box mentioned in Step 3.

Users most of the time must have dragged it there by mistake. Process to come in right track by doing few thing listed below are:

1) Right-click an empty space on the Taskbar and note whether the Lock the Taskbar option is checked. If it is, uncheck it.

2) Drag the Taskbar to the bottom of the screen (or wherever you want it).

3) If you want to keep it there, right-click it again and check Lock the Taskbar.